SISTEMATIK REVIEW: PENGARUH MUSIK KLASIK UNTUK PENGURANGAN KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PRE OPERASI SECTIO CESARIA DENGAN SPINAL ANESTHESIA

Abstract

Preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing caesarean section with spinal anesthesia is a significant clinical challenge with implications for perioperative outcomes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of classical music in reducing anxiety levels in patients undergoing preoperative caesarean section with spinal anesthesia through a systematic literature review approach. A literature search was conducted in five major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) using keywords relevant to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Inclusion criteria included original research articles from 2020-2024 involving classical music interventions in the perioperative setting. The synthesis results showed that classical music is effective in reducing anxiety levels through modulation of the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine. Experimental studies confirmed that exposure to classical music is associated with decreased anesthetic and analgesic requirements, stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, and reduction of serum cortisol levels. Specifically, Mozart's (K.448) and Chopin's works showed the highest effectiveness with an optimal exposure duration of 20-30 minutes before the spinal anesthesia procedure. This study concludes that classical music intervention is an effective, safe, and cost-effective non-pharmacological approach to pre-operative anxiety management in caesarean section patients, with recommendations for integration of standard protocols into evidence-based clinical practice